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Notes of Ch 7 Lifelines of National Economy| Class 10th Geography

Geography is an academic discipline that studies the relationship between people and the environment. When we speak classs Indian Geography, it is very wide and diverse in nature. Be it the beauty of the Himalayas or the agriculture system in India. They all fall under the Indian Geography category. Ncert class 10th geography notes java UPSC Examinations have the subject geography in ncerf prelims, mains, and ncert class 10th geography notes java an optional subject.

Do you want to crack UPSC in first attempt? UPSC is a very prominent exam in India and is detail-oriented when it comes to academic disciplines like geography.

It is important to practice as much as possible to improve productivity and efficiency. This article will help you cover some nava the most important Indian Geography topics starting from the distribution of natural resources and ending with ncert class 10th geography notes java important geographical sites in India. They are multiple-choice based quizzes covering different aspects of Geography.

Did we exceed ncery expectations? If Yes, share your valuable feedback on Google Facebook. Your email address will not be published. Skip to content UPSC 0. Leave a Reply Cancel reply Your email address will not geogtaphy published. UPSC Material. Indian Geography � Basics of India. The Himalayas � History, Map, and Facts.

Coastal Plains and Islands of India. Hydropower Plants and Major Dams in India. Minerals and Mineral Industries in India. Natural Vegetation and Wildlife of India. Transportation in India � Importance of Transport in India. Energy Conservation Techniques and Government Initiatives. Census of India � Key Facts and Data.

Major Natural Regions of the World. Major Dams in India. Highest Mountain Peaks in India � Statewise. Biosphere Cass in India. Major Sea Ports in India. List of Tiger Reserves in India � Statewise. Bird Sanctuaries in India � State-wise List.

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Importance of Manufacturing and Economy- Manufacturing industries Class 10th. Previous Lesson. Next Lesson. Table of Contents. Soil Composition Ninety percent of the world population occupies only thirty percent of land area. The remaining seventy percent of the land is either sparsely populated or uninhabited.

All the economic activities are performed on land. The soil cover on the land is essential for plant growth. So land is necessary for agriculture. Causes of Land Degradation Large scale soil erosion caused by running water and wind. Dumping of waste materials from mining centers and industrial units. Over irrigatio n leads to an increase in salinity and alkalinity in the soil. Overgrazing by animals and deforestation by man.

Wastewater from the industrial units pollutes the lands. Mineral processing like grinding of limestone for the cement industry and calcite and soap stone for ceramic industry creates a lot of dust.

This dust is deposited in the neighboring land Conservation of Land Soil erosion can be prevented by ending deforestation, controlling grazing, encouraging afforestation and practicing terrace farming in hilly areas. Preparation of shelter belts of plants and stabilizing of sand dunes by growing thorny bushes will help to prevent land degradation in deserts.

Mining activities should be controlled. New technology which reduces wastage can be adopted. Industrial waste should be chemically treated to remove the harmful substances Urban waste should be used for the production of biogas and bio-manure. It is formed due to the deposition of fine silt called alluvium by the rivers. It is found in the northern plains, Gujarat plains and the coastal plains It consists of sand, silt and clay.

It is divided into K hadar and Bangar [new alluvium and old alluvium] It contains soil nutrients such as P otash, phosphoric acid and lime.

So, it is fertile and good for the growth of sugarcane, rice, wheat and pulses. It is made up of extremely fine clayey materials. It has the capacity to hold moisture for a long time. These soils develop deep cracks in summer. It is done where high doses of biochemical inputs and irrigation are used for obtaining higher production.

Commercial farming : The main characteristic of this type of farming is the use of higher doses of modern inputs e. The degree of commercialization varies from region to region. For example: Rice is a commercial crop on Punjab and Haryana, but in Orissa, it is a subsistence crop. Slash and burn cultivation- Farmers clear a patch of land and produce crops to sustain their family. When soil fertility decreases, the farmers shift and start cultivating in the same way on a fresh patch of land.

This allows nature to replenish the fertility of the soil. Productivity in this type of farming is low as fertilizers or modern inputs are not used.

It is the type of farming in which a single crop is grown on a large area. The plantation has an interface of agriculture and industry. Plantations use capital intensive inputs, with the help of migrant labourers. All the produce is used as raw material in respective industries. Kharif: It starts with the onset of the monsoon and continues till the beginning of winter June-July to September-October.

The kharif crops include rice, maize, millet, cotton, jute, Ncert Notes Of Class 10th Geography groundnut, moong, urad, etc. Recently, paddy has also become an important crop of Punjab and Haryana.

Rabi : It starts with the beginning of winter and continues till the beginning of summer October December to April-June. The Rabi crops include wheat, barley, gram and oil seeds. Availability of precipitation during winter months due to the western temperate cyclones help in the success of these crops. The success of green revolution in Punjab, Haryana, western Uttar Pradesh and parts of Rajasthan has also been an important factor in the growth of rabi crops 3.

Zaid: This is a short crop season in between the rabi and the kharif season. Crops like watermelons, muskmelon, cucumber, some vegetables and fodder crops are the major crops. India is the second largest producer in the world after China. Kharif crop which requires high temperature, above 25 degree Celsius and high humidity with annual rainfall above cm.

Grown in the plains of North and North-Eastern India, coastal areas and the deltaic regions. Development of dense network of canal irrigation and tube wells have made it possible to grow rice in areas of less rainfall such as Punjab, Haryana and Western Uttar Pradesh and parts of Rajasthan.

Wheat Second most important cereal crop. Main food crop in North and North-Western part of the country. Requires cool growing season and bright sunshine at ripening time. Requires 50 to 75 cm of annual rainfall evenly distributed over the growing season.

Millet Jowar, Bajra and Ragi are the important millets grown in India. Though, these are known as coarse grains, they have high nutritional value. Ragi is rich in iron, calcium, other micro nutrients and roughage. It is a crop of dry regions and grows well on red, black, sandy, loamy and shallow soils. Karnataka is the largest producer followed by Tamil Nadu.

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